Multi-stage inopfavisa mvura yekurapa michina imhando yemhando yepamusoro-inoshanda yekuchenesa mvura, iyo inoshandisa yakawanda-nhanho kusefa, ion exchange uye mamwe maitiro ekudzikisa kuoma ion (kunyanya calcium ions uye magnesium ion) mumvura, kuitira kuti uwane. chinangwa chekupfavisa mvura.